To Eat or Not to Eat a Comparison of Anorexia and Obesity...

In many other countries, to be skinny enough to show off one’s bones would mean that they are living in poverty; while an excessive amount of weight would show that the individual lives in a higher class in society. In America however, these two body types have been elevated into two of the leading causes of death amongst our population; not as a sign of societal class, but as diseases. Anorexia - which stems from â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† - is an illness in which a person has an intense fear of gaining weight, and is often corresponded with a distorted perception of their own weight and body shape. According to many psychologists anorexia is believed to have the highest mortality rate then any other psychiatric disorder (about ten percent of†¦show more content†¦Anorexia, in part, is developed because of society‘s promotion of a self-conscience individual. Countless teenagers are constantly bombarded with the promotion of the ideal American being thin with demanded characteristics and traits; this declaration of the media is the leading cause and impression amongst teenagers that convince them to take drastic actions to become dangerously thin. Individuals with high levels of obsessive, restraint and clinical levels of perfectionist traits (most common amongst teenage females and male homosexuals) are most likely to become anorexic. Obesity is developed primarily by individuals who either oppose society or by those who society has shunned. Where as in popular media anorexia is promoted, obesity is equally ridiculed. Obese children, teens, and adults face many social stigmas including many negative stereotypes such as the common belief of being lazy, dirty, and even being evil (many â€Å"religious† images shout gluttony, the second of the seven deadly sins, when confronting obese individuals). Also, society has painted a bulls-eye on the chest of obese children; as they are often targeted by bullies while being shunned by thei r peers. The media even uses obese characters in cartoons as comedic relief, with the fat character often getting stuck between narrow spaces. In conclusion, Anorexia (aShow MoreRelated Disability Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels are thin and when other girls look at them, they get jealous. Many girls see this, and view themselves as being overweight and have a complex and a desire, which is to be skinny, this disease is called Anorexia. Anorexia is a disease, which affects mostly women and sometimes men. Anorexia is when you think you are fat, and you deprive yourself of food in order to be skinny. They see themselves as being fat and want to strive to be better than the quot;normquot;, and by that, being as skinnyRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1122 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are a few of the most common disorders struggled with today. Anorexia Nervosa is a condition of the intense fear to gain weight, which results in consistent lack of eating. Bulimia Nervosa, involves frequent episodes of binge eating followed by throwing up because of fear of gaining weight. The mortality rate for anorexia is the highest of all mental disorders yet the genetic factors relating them were not a huge concern to look into. It is easy to think thatRead MoreThe Seriousness of Emotional Deprivation1225 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung kids from the ages of 4 through 12 and teens from ages 13 to 17. Any attitude or behavior which interferes with a child’s mental health or social development may be looked upon as emotional abuse. This includes yelling, screaming, negative comparisons to others, telling them they are no good, worthless† o r â€Å"a mistake.† It also includes the failure to provide the love and support necessary for the development of a child’s emotional, social, physical and intellectual well-being. Neglecting a childRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture : Adolescence Eating Disorders1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthat area like Family studies in which researchers collect information regarding genetic effect on a disorder in genetically related people and have found an increased rate of eating disorders in relatives with families of eating disorders in comparison to relative control (Biederman et al,1985),and there is a 7 to 12 times increased in the prevalence of eating disorders in relatives disordered families (Strober et al,2000).However with that being said this study the authors just speculated Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Eating And Eating Habits Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesreliable it often refers to research and experiments that have been conducted. Sex Differences and Correlates of Pain in Patients with Comorbid Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder. In this article they tested the affects of pain on men and women with binge eating disorders. 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However, damaging things can occur from this obsession with maintaining the ideal weight and demanding to be thin. This is a crisis for adolescents especially since they are in a state of imaginary audience which causes them to be extremely self conscious (Beck, Myer). With the constant fear of being judged many will develop eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. Psychology Today reports that â€Å"Eating disordersRead MoreFactors That Affect Your Behavior950 Words   |  4 Pagesfactor include anything from parents and teachers to televisions and the internet. (Bernstein 2014, p. 298) The gist of this passage is letting the readers know exactly how much we are affected by the word motivation . Motivation causes us to eat, drink, sleep, entertain ourselves, and become better. We would not have any reason or purpose to grow if we did not have motivation. We would not feel or react if we did not have motivation. As people, we will always have drive to better ourselvesRead MoreImpacts of Eating Disorders Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagescharacterised by abnormal eating habits. This include: anorexia nervosa which is the fear of gaining weight; bulimia where one eats lots of food then later on goes out and vomits; obesity, this is charactered by eating lots of food that contain cholesterol and are unhealthy thus increase in weight and compulsive eating, where one is unable to control what they eat and how much they eat. This change of eating behaviour is caused by negativeRead MoreShould Social Media Be The Increase Of Eating Disorders?1592 Words   |  7 Pagesendless list of websites and on a variety of social media. The world is addicted to accessing social media every day and as a result we have been brainwashed into how a woman should look. When you consider those with eating disorders that are afraid to eat because they are concerned of becoming overweight. it is difficult not to feel hostile towards the media. There seems to be plenty of reason to blame social media for both causing and sustaining those afflicted with eating disorders. But we are all

Palestine is the Most Disputed Land in the World - 593 Words

Israel, or Palestine as some call it, is a small country located in the heart of the Middle East (See figure A). While the country is relatively small, approximately 8,019 sq. miles, it is one of the most disputed land areas in the world. The two sides are fighting to the death for the land; and they are two extreme opposites. Both sides are predominantly-basing their theories on religion, which allows for extreme violent acts on behalf of both parties. The Two Parties Israel On one side of the wall is one of the largest growing economy and one of the most powerful nations in the world, Israel. Israel’s President is Shimon Peres; but the real power of the country lies with its Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. After the 1967 war Israel gained control over the Gaza strip, the West Bank, the Sinai, and the Golan Heights. However, Israel gave back the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in a peace agreement and later on gave back sole control of Gaza to the Palestinians while keeping control over the West Bank and Golan Heights. Israel is a vast country with many ideologies on varying issues concerning how to act toward the Palestinians. In this paper I will be explaining the Israeli’s Government and military theory’s and fundamental belief system pertaining to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Israel has a very diverse and structured military. The mission of the military is â€Å"To defend the existence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state of Israel. To protect the inhabitants ofShow MoreRelatedThe Difficulties of the Attempts to Find a Peace Settlement Between the Palestinians and the Jews646 Words   |  3 PagesSettlement Between the Palestinians and the Jews The Palestinians and the Jews have been fighting over the land of Palestine. Both believe that they have greater claim than the other. 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Along withRead MoreMiddle of the World, Territory of Complexity Essay2159 Words   |  9 Pagescurrent advancement involving technological, and biological warfare all over the earth, the world can seem to resemble a ticking time bomb waiting to be detonated. All it would take is one rogue nation to oppose a neighboring nation and provoke a terrible conflict, and other nations would have to intervene. The conflict over territory is present in Israel and Palestine. This ancient feud will apparently cause a world war if it is not solved, The Israeli Palestinian conflict can overflow onto the rest ofRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Middle East Region3018 Words   |  13 Pagesleadership role in negotiations between Israel and Palestine. The origins and development of nearly a century of Israeli-Palestinian conflict history depicts a continual pattern of Israeli military aggression over Palestinians that has been justified by Zionist reasoning and driven by extensive nationalism. The reasons for such present underlying tension between the Israelis and the Palestinians can be traced back to the rise of Zionism prior to World War II. The belief of Zionism gradually evolved

Cross Cultural Interactions with Others Free Essays

Social workers, psychologists and educators alike, have a responsibility to develop cultural competencies. This implies a commitment to creating an environment of mutual understanding. â€Å"Cultural competence refers to the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each† (NASW, 2000b, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Interactions with Others or any similar topic only for you Order Now 61). Therapists focus on interactions with diverse clients and new situations everyday. Developing cultural competencies is essential towards meaningful communication. Research on person perception has suggested that the information we glean from others can be affected by factors such as appearance, stereotypes, and culture (Wang, 2009). The competency statements for review focus upon communication style (verbal and nonverbal) and how communication can influence others perceptions. In addition, a competency statement regarding high-and low-context communication from different cultural socializations is discussed. Most models of counseling assume that the spoken word is understood. However, when working with cross cultural clients, a host of deficits linger, which may lead to distance, vulnerability and misinterpretations. Verbal communication is important but can be easily misinterpreted across cultures. Words are powerful, but often forgotten. How one perceives the words is most often remembered. Words and what they mean in a cross cultural setting have a major role in a therapeutic setting. To fully understand a culture, it is necessary to understand the se of the cultures metaphors. Metaphors have their own historical origins and are culture specific (Laungani, 2004). The understanding of intrapersonal process of communication is essential and fundamentally important when working with ethnic clients. The therapist needs a clear understanding of the client’s subjective experiences, personal goals, daily behaviors and other significant areas to ensure communication value (Laungani, 2004). When verbal messages are unclear, we tend to look at nonverbal cues (LeBaron, 2003). During a therapeutic encounter between therapist and clients of different cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for all concerned to be vigilant and sensitive enough to read correctly the different verbal, non-verbal, and other physical cues the client knowingly or unknowingly may display to the therapist (Laungani, 2004, p. 196). Nonverbal communication is especially important in intercultural counseling situations because of language barriers (metaphors), set mannerisms, and cultural unfamiliarity. Research has agreed that nonverbal messages convey more than half of the affective meaning of each message (Launganie, 2004, Edmonds, 2010, Wang, 2010). Many emotions are similar across cultures, how they are expressed and interpreted is culture-specific. For example, a person of Japanese decent may smile as she relates details of a death in her family. For a Westerner, who understands a smile to mean happiness, this expression may seem cold and unfeeling. Based upon cultural beliefs in Japan, it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief on others (LeBaron, 2003). The understanding of high-and low-context communications from different cultures is significant because it plays an integral part in understanding and developing a relationship. â€Å"Direct and indirect styles of communication correspond to the concept of high-and low-context cultures. The United States is considered a low-context culture because of the linear and direct style of communication. On the other hand, China, Mexico, and Egypt are termed â€Å"high-context cultures† because communication is more contextual, process-oriented, and less rushed† (Fouad, 2007, p. 3). In examining the cognitive style of communication, Brooks (2004) noted that Americans follow a predictable sequence in their thought process. They tend to organize their thoughts in a linear fashion before speaking. Speakers, who have a more relaxed view on time, tend to meander to the point, such as Asians. Arab, Russians, and Africans, tend to insert stories and go off on tangents (p. 143). Cultures tend to attribute different levels of importance to nonverbal and verbal communication. High context cultures rely more on the unspoken word. They are concerned and focused upon the context and the person’s knowledge of the rules for communicating. For other cultures, a clear understanding of the message is less important because nonverbal behavior and the context are understood. Middle East, Asia, and Latin America are examples of high context cultural groups. United States and Canada are considered a low context culture because they place less importance on nonverbal communication and rely heavily on the spoken word (Fouad, 2007). According to (LeBaron, 2003) high context settings such as Japan or Colombia, understanding of the nonverbal message is more important than the communication as a whole. Therapists need to be aware of these differences so they can model appropriate behaviors for others (Fouad, 2007). â€Å"Gudykunst (2001) conceptualized high context communication to include the following communication styles: being indirect, inferring meaning, interpersonal sensitivity, using feelings to guide behavior, and the using silence. In contrast, low context communication includes: being dramatic, dominant, animated, relaxed, attentive, open friendly, contentious, and impression-leaving† (Park Kim, 2008, p. 47). An emerging body of research has documented that â€Å"Asian cultures tend to adhere to high context communication styles, while European cultures tend to adhere to low context communication styles† (p. 47). Communication styles can be rational or emotional. For example, Brooks (2004) stated that Americans are considered to be more rational. On the other hand, Southeast Asians prefer to keep their emotions stable. Russians are known to be highly emotional (p. 144). In chapter 3, Fouad (2007) addresses the cross-cultural interactions with others. According to Fouad (2007) â€Å"sensitivity and understanding about different cultural scripts for verbal and nonverbal behaviors are essential because of the different formal and informal norms across cultures† (p. 43). This is an important message because you cannot have rapport and empathy without understanding, sensitivity, and knowledge of multicultural behaviors and values. Effectiveness with a client from another culture is dependent upon making educated choices involving communication. LeBaron (2003) noted that â€Å"all communication is cultural; it draws on how we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages† (p. 1). The way we communicate to others depends upon the situation, individual personalities, and our mood. This coupled with a variety of cultural influences we already have can influence our communication choices. Communication is interactive and plays an important influence on the effectiveness of our relationship with others (LeBaron, 2003). Although some emotions are universal (a smiley face inserted in emails), others are subtle and often misunderstood (a wink). Facial expressions may be the only form of nonverbal communication that may be considered universal. Cultures interpret body language, gestures, posture and carriage, vocal noises (shrieks and grunts), and degree of eye contact differently (Edmonds, 2010). Gestures can be easily misinterpreted. For example, nodding your head up and down within the Western culture, suggests you agree. However, in the Middle Eastern culture, it means the opposite. Nodding your head affirmatively in the Middle East is a sign of disagreement. Moreover, in Japan, a nod is just a signal that someone is listening (Wang, 2010). Edmonds (2010) shares that the â€Å"OK† signal made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger refers to money in some countries, while in others, it’s extremely offensive reference to a private body part. Eye contact is another variable that is extremely important. In some cultures direct eye contact is valued. However, in other cultures, averting eye contact is a sign of respect. A simple gesture of thumbs up, may readily offend someone from a different culture. In Iran, this gesture is considered to be vulgar. Shaking hands when greeting may seem innocent, but in some countries this is rude behavior. In the Middle East, you should not hand an object to another person with your left hand. The left hand in the Middle East is reserved for personal hygiene (Edmonds, 2010). Others may be shy and touching is considered an intimate behavior. There are specific rules for personal space across cultures. There are different ideas about space when having a conversation. Research shows that Americans tend to prefer a large amount of space. Europeans tend to stand closer together when talking. It is suggested that this may be due to the fact that Europeans are accustomed to smaller places. Americans on the other hand, are used to larger homes and countryside’s (LeBaron, 2003). Personal space is not a concern for some cultures. Italians and Latino’s allow for open kissing with strong and long embraces to greet one another, whereas in the United States, such contact may be considered too sexual. Further studies have shown that Asian children cannot be touched on the head or it will damage the child’s soul. Each of these variables influences communication efforts (Edmonds (2010). As clinicians, we must strive to learn all we can about the culture of our clients. Remer (2007) introduces the butterfly effect. This effect refers to â€Å"those small differences in initial conditions may have severe consequences for patterns in the long run† (p. 93). Miscommunications can lead to frustration and a lack of trust, thus destroying a relationship. Conflict can easily occur or escalate if miscommunications are already in place. As an agent of change, this writer values diversity as an opportunity to learn. Professional expectations should never be lowered, they need to be developed and maintained in order to improve the quality of culturally competent services. Sensitivity and knowledge should be heightened in order to be a successful agent of change. Striving to be cross-culturally competent is a life long journey. It begins with each day being viewed as an opportunity to learn more about another person. Competence implies that one has the confidence and the capacity to function effectively outside of their culture zone. Despite the madness surrounding social service agencies, this writer is committed to supporting members of underrepresented groups. It is paramount to be committed to incorporating a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal communication skills in response to direct and indirect communication styles. A simple glance can affect the message you are sending and how others perceive you. Moreover, it is important to have a strong sense of self awareness. One must be accepting, comfortable and open to new and unfamiliar ways of communicating in order to broaden personal perspectives. The main focus is to remain objective, know that there are cultural differences, be able to identify subtle behaviors, and to trust your intuition. Alternative ways in which a therapist can be actively involved in cross cultural communication may include checking with clients for the accuracy of your interpretation when unsure. Raising a question about interpretations demonstrates interest, validation and establishes trust. Therapists may choose to move outside of verbal exchanges and use acting, puppets (young children), drawing, music, story telling, collage making and journaling. By allowing clients to be your teacher, one can enhance the relationship and establish competence. As an agent of change, specific objectives are to be met. First, diversity training should be offered. Coworkers will be asked to band together and search for consultants or facilitators to assist in the planning. Second, embrace research and gain as much knowledge as you can about your client’s culture. Third, frequent consultations with supervisors and colleagues are important to obtain performance feedback. Collaboration with others is an excellent way to remain grounded. As a therapist working with cross cultural clients, it is important to remember that although your mouth is closed, your body is talking. How to cite Cross Cultural Interactions with Others, Essay examples

Earthworms Essay Thesis Example For Students

Earthworms Essay Thesis Earthworms are classified as Annelida. Annelida mean little rings whichrefers to the many segments in their body. The structure of an earthwormsbody is made up of more than one hundred segments separated by partitions thatdivide the coelum. All segments are identical except by the anterior andposterior ends. The anterior segments reflect the cephalization that is anadaption of burrowing. The head of the earthworm contains the sense organs. Themuscle lines that make up the interior body wall are circular and longitudinal. Earthworms move by anchoring some segments by their setae and contracts thecircular muscles in front of those segments, producing fluid pressure in theanterior coelom cavities. The anterior setae grip the ground, the longitudinalmuscles contract pulling the posterior along. Earthworms burrow and feed on soiland organic matter at the same time. They digest the organic matter andeliminate wastes and undigested matter as dirt and feces called castings. Earthworms are good for the soil because they sucked up soil into the by themuscular pharynx. The soil then passes through a tubelike esophagus to atemporary storage called a crop, and from there to the gizzard. The gizzardwalls grind the soil, releasing and breaking up organic matter. Through theearthworms body via a closed circulatory system it transports oxygen,nutrients, and wastes. The blood travels from the anterior to the posteriorthrough ventral blood vessel and then forward through a dorsal vessel. Aorticarches are five tubes that link the major vessel near the anterior. Smallervessels branch into each segment of the body. Earthworms have no respiratorysystem or no gills. Carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse directly across the skin. This process can only happen if the skin is moist. Earthworms secretions ofmucus and a thin cuticle help keep the skin moist. Through a long tube callednephridia the earthworms eliminate nitrogenous wastes. Earthworms are sensitiveto touch, light, vibrations, moisture, chemicals, and temperatures. Other senseorgans and the nerves that control individual muscle contractions are present ineach segment. Earthworms are hermaphrodites, but one worm cannot fertilize itown eggs. When earthworms are join to head to tail its called mating. Together they form a mucus around each other. They both inject sperm into themucus. One of their sperms goes to a pouchlike seminal receptable. After aseveral days a mucus and chitin sheath is secreted by the clitelllum a swellingaround the sex organs. When the worm wriggles to slip the sheath off its body,eggs, and sperm are joined and fertilization occurs. Zoology and Animals