To Eat or Not to Eat a Comparison of Anorexia and Obesity...

In many other countries, to be skinny enough to show off one’s bones would mean that they are living in poverty; while an excessive amount of weight would show that the individual lives in a higher class in society. In America however, these two body types have been elevated into two of the leading causes of death amongst our population; not as a sign of societal class, but as diseases. Anorexia - which stems from â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† - is an illness in which a person has an intense fear of gaining weight, and is often corresponded with a distorted perception of their own weight and body shape. According to many psychologists anorexia is believed to have the highest mortality rate then any other psychiatric disorder (about ten percent of†¦show more content†¦Anorexia, in part, is developed because of society‘s promotion of a self-conscience individual. Countless teenagers are constantly bombarded with the promotion of the ideal American being thin with demanded characteristics and traits; this declaration of the media is the leading cause and impression amongst teenagers that convince them to take drastic actions to become dangerously thin. Individuals with high levels of obsessive, restraint and clinical levels of perfectionist traits (most common amongst teenage females and male homosexuals) are most likely to become anorexic. Obesity is developed primarily by individuals who either oppose society or by those who society has shunned. Where as in popular media anorexia is promoted, obesity is equally ridiculed. Obese children, teens, and adults face many social stigmas including many negative stereotypes such as the common belief of being lazy, dirty, and even being evil (many â€Å"religious† images shout gluttony, the second of the seven deadly sins, when confronting obese individuals). Also, society has painted a bulls-eye on the chest of obese children; as they are often targeted by bullies while being shunned by thei r peers. The media even uses obese characters in cartoons as comedic relief, with the fat character often getting stuck between narrow spaces. In conclusion, Anorexia (aShow MoreRelated Disability Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels are thin and when other girls look at them, they get jealous. Many girls see this, and view themselves as being overweight and have a complex and a desire, which is to be skinny, this disease is called Anorexia. Anorexia is a disease, which affects mostly women and sometimes men. Anorexia is when you think you are fat, and you deprive yourself of food in order to be skinny. They see themselves as being fat and want to strive to be better than the quot;normquot;, and by that, being as skinnyRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1122 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are a few of the most common disorders struggled with today. Anorexia Nervosa is a condition of the intense fear to gain weight, which results in consistent lack of eating. Bulimia Nervosa, involves frequent episodes of binge eating followed by throwing up because of fear of gaining weight. The mortality rate for anorexia is the highest of all mental disorders yet the genetic factors relating them were not a huge concern to look into. It is easy to think thatRead MoreThe Seriousness of Emotional Deprivation1225 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung kids from the ages of 4 through 12 and teens from ages 13 to 17. Any attitude or behavior which interferes with a child’s mental health or social development may be looked upon as emotional abuse. This includes yelling, screaming, negative comparisons to others, telling them they are no good, worthless† o r â€Å"a mistake.† It also includes the failure to provide the love and support necessary for the development of a child’s emotional, social, physical and intellectual well-being. Neglecting a childRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture : Adolescence Eating Disorders1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthat area like Family studies in which researchers collect information regarding genetic effect on a disorder in genetically related people and have found an increased rate of eating disorders in relatives with families of eating disorders in comparison to relative control (Biederman et al,1985),and there is a 7 to 12 times increased in the prevalence of eating disorders in relatives disordered families (Strober et al,2000).However with that being said this study the authors just speculated Read MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Eating And Eating Habits Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesreliable it often refers to research and experiments that have been conducted. Sex Differences and Correlates of Pain in Patients with Comorbid Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder. In this article they tested the affects of pain on men and women with binge eating disorders. Pain in men actually made their binge frequency increase. This is different in comparison to women who did no experience any increase in frequency in binge eating. I find this article to be a little lacking in information I would likeRead MoreEating Disorders And Body Dysmorphia Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesa great deal on social media sites that provide self-comparison of unrealistic expectations and media promotes a weight stigma by stereotyping other body types. In fact, so all this creates a controversial issue in my perspective. Throughout the years there has been a significant increase in eating disorder and body image. There are three types of eating disorders such as, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder. Anorexia Nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimatesRead MoreEffects Of Anorexia Nervosa On Adolescents958 Words   |  4 Pagesfocusing on weight, as we should be since we have the highest obesity rates in the world. However, damaging things can occur from this obsession with maintaining the ideal weight and demanding to be thin. This is a crisis for adolescents especially since they are in a state of imaginary audience which causes them to be extremely self conscious (Beck, Myer). With the constant fear of being judged many will develop eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. Psychology Today reports that â€Å"Eating disordersRead MoreFactors That Affect Your Behavior950 Words   |  4 Pagesfactor include anything from parents and teachers to televisions and the internet. (Bernstein 2014, p. 298) The gist of this passage is letting the readers know exactly how much we are affected by the word motivation . Motivation causes us to eat, drink, sleep, entertain ourselves, and become better. We would not have any reason or purpose to grow if we did not have motivation. We would not feel or react if we did not have motivation. As people, we will always have drive to better ourselvesRead MoreImpacts of Eating Disorders Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagescharacterised by abnormal eating habits. This include: anorexia nervosa which is the fear of gaining weight; bulimia where one eats lots of food then later on goes out and vomits; obesity, this is charactered by eating lots of food that contain cholesterol and are unhealthy thus increase in weight and compulsive eating, where one is unable to control what they eat and how much they eat. This change of eating behaviour is caused by negativeRead MoreShould Social Media Be The Increase Of Eating Disorders?1592 Words   |  7 Pagesendless list of websites and on a variety of social media. The world is addicted to accessing social media every day and as a result we have been brainwashed into how a woman should look. When you consider those with eating disorders that are afraid to eat because they are concerned of becoming overweight. it is difficult not to feel hostile towards the media. There seems to be plenty of reason to blame social media for both causing and sustaining those afflicted with eating disorders. But we are all

Palestine is the Most Disputed Land in the World - 593 Words

Israel, or Palestine as some call it, is a small country located in the heart of the Middle East (See figure A). While the country is relatively small, approximately 8,019 sq. miles, it is one of the most disputed land areas in the world. The two sides are fighting to the death for the land; and they are two extreme opposites. Both sides are predominantly-basing their theories on religion, which allows for extreme violent acts on behalf of both parties. The Two Parties Israel On one side of the wall is one of the largest growing economy and one of the most powerful nations in the world, Israel. Israel’s President is Shimon Peres; but the real power of the country lies with its Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. After the 1967 war Israel gained control over the Gaza strip, the West Bank, the Sinai, and the Golan Heights. However, Israel gave back the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in a peace agreement and later on gave back sole control of Gaza to the Palestinians while keeping control over the West Bank and Golan Heights. Israel is a vast country with many ideologies on varying issues concerning how to act toward the Palestinians. In this paper I will be explaining the Israeli’s Government and military theory’s and fundamental belief system pertaining to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Israel has a very diverse and structured military. The mission of the military is â€Å"To defend the existence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state of Israel. To protect the inhabitants ofShow MoreRelatedThe Difficulties of the Attempts to Find a Peace Settlement Between the Palestinians and the Jews646 Words   |  3 PagesSettlement Between the Palestinians and the Jews The Palestinians and the Jews have been fighting over the land of Palestine. Both believe that they have greater claim than the other. The Jews believe the land is theirs because they had lived there centuries ago, it was the land promised by God to Abraham thousands of years ago. The Palestinian Arabs believe the land is theirs because ever since the Jews left, the Arabs have been living there. In 1993 the Jewish andRead MoreThe Arab Israeli War ( 1948-49 ) A Political Conflict?1719 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 30, 1930 marked the beginning of a 15 year period of intense, violent and institutionalised persecution of the Jewish people across almost all of mainland Europe. This period of intense persecution created a displaced and traumatised people, most of whom were either reluctant or unable to return to their original homes and who could not start a new life in countries such as the United States and United Kingdom (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, accessed 2017). As a result, hundreds ofRead MoreThe Struggle For Land And Palestine : What s The Problems Ahead?1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Struggle for Land in Israel and Palestine: What’s the Problems Ahead? Abstract The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a continuing conflict, which is a part of Arab-Israel conflict and the Middle East war. This paper mainly explores the conflicts which caused the struggle for land in Israel and Palestine. Why Is It So Hard to Stop Struggling For Land? The land struggle between Israel and Palestine have never ended for almost a century. Today, though there are a lot of agreements, the conflictsRead MoreThe End Of World War I2396 Words   |  10 PagesAlmost a century has passed since the end of World War One, and the 1917 Belfour Declaration, which endorsed the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine and the preservation of the civil and religious rights of non-Jewish Palestinian communities. Consequently, the British Mandate in the region of Israel, the former Palestine, which was initiated and endorsed by the League of Nations in 1922, and which incorporated the Belfour Declaration. The control of Israel has changed hands multipleRead MoreEssay about The Arab Isreali Conflict1555 Words   |  7 Pagesancestral home, land of Israel (or Palestine). Political Zionism, the belief that Jews should establish a state for themselves in Palestine, was a revolutionary idea for the 19th Century. During World War I, Jews sup ported countries that constituted the Central Powers because they detested the tyranny of czarist Russia. Both the Allies and Central Powers needed Jewish support, but Germany could not espouse Zionism due to its ties with the Ottoman Empire, which still controlled Palestine. British PrimeRead More Middle East Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesoccupied the land and under their control the conflict remained minimal. But within months of their departure, and the division of the land between Israel and the surrounding Arab nations, war broke out. The Arabs were unhappy with the UNs divisions of the land, and in an attempt to obtain the land, which they believed was rightfully theirs; they attacked the State of Israel. To the surprise of many, the armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan fell to Israeli troops and instead of gaining land, they lostRead MoreCauses of the Six Day War4151 Words   |  17 PagesWhat were the causes of Israel-Palestine war? TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT AANALYSIS THE CAUSES OF ISRAEL/PALESTINE CONFLICT: THE FIRST INTIFADA 1987-93 DIVIDING THE MAP THE 1948 WAR ZIONISM 1967/OCCUPATION THE ARABS, TERRORISM amp; SECURITY: â€Å"NO SOLUTION† THE WALL/FENCE/BARRIER DELEGITIMIZING THE STATEHOOD DECLARATION BY PALESTINE THE IMPACT OF SCARCE WATER RESOURCES ON THE ARAB-ISRAEL CONFLICT CAMP DAVID FAILURE THE ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT IS CENTRAL TO THE MILITANTS’ CAUSE Abstract Read MoreThe Movement Of The Middle East1080 Words   |  5 Pagesof their small numbers and lack of resources, the views of the liberal forces were for the most part discredited by the radical groups. Liberal forces were weak and stood little chance against the strength possessed by the united Islamists. In the 2011 Arab spring liberal forces were once again overwhelmed by the radicals. In 1947 the United Nations voted to make a national home for the Jews in Palestine, in part because of the guilt they felt for what the Jewish people had endured. Along withRead MoreMiddle of the World, Territory of Complexity Essay2159 Words   |  9 Pagescurrent advancement involving technological, and biological warfare all over the earth, the world can seem to resemble a ticking time bomb waiting to be detonated. All it would take is one rogue nation to oppose a neighboring nation and provoke a terrible conflict, and other nations would have to intervene. The conflict over territory is present in Israel and Palestine. This ancient feud will apparently cause a world war if it is not solved, The Israeli Palestinian conflict can overflow onto the rest ofRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Middle East Region3018 Words   |  13 Pagesleadership role in negotiations between Israel and Palestine. The origins and development of nearly a century of Israeli-Palestinian conflict history depicts a continual pattern of Israeli military aggression over Palestinians that has been justified by Zionist reasoning and driven by extensive nationalism. The reasons for such present underlying tension between the Israelis and the Palestinians can be traced back to the rise of Zionism prior to World War II. The belief of Zionism gradually evolved

Cross Cultural Interactions with Others Free Essays

Social workers, psychologists and educators alike, have a responsibility to develop cultural competencies. This implies a commitment to creating an environment of mutual understanding. â€Å"Cultural competence refers to the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each† (NASW, 2000b, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Interactions with Others or any similar topic only for you Order Now 61). Therapists focus on interactions with diverse clients and new situations everyday. Developing cultural competencies is essential towards meaningful communication. Research on person perception has suggested that the information we glean from others can be affected by factors such as appearance, stereotypes, and culture (Wang, 2009). The competency statements for review focus upon communication style (verbal and nonverbal) and how communication can influence others perceptions. In addition, a competency statement regarding high-and low-context communication from different cultural socializations is discussed. Most models of counseling assume that the spoken word is understood. However, when working with cross cultural clients, a host of deficits linger, which may lead to distance, vulnerability and misinterpretations. Verbal communication is important but can be easily misinterpreted across cultures. Words are powerful, but often forgotten. How one perceives the words is most often remembered. Words and what they mean in a cross cultural setting have a major role in a therapeutic setting. To fully understand a culture, it is necessary to understand the se of the cultures metaphors. Metaphors have their own historical origins and are culture specific (Laungani, 2004). The understanding of intrapersonal process of communication is essential and fundamentally important when working with ethnic clients. The therapist needs a clear understanding of the client’s subjective experiences, personal goals, daily behaviors and other significant areas to ensure communication value (Laungani, 2004). When verbal messages are unclear, we tend to look at nonverbal cues (LeBaron, 2003). During a therapeutic encounter between therapist and clients of different cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for all concerned to be vigilant and sensitive enough to read correctly the different verbal, non-verbal, and other physical cues the client knowingly or unknowingly may display to the therapist (Laungani, 2004, p. 196). Nonverbal communication is especially important in intercultural counseling situations because of language barriers (metaphors), set mannerisms, and cultural unfamiliarity. Research has agreed that nonverbal messages convey more than half of the affective meaning of each message (Launganie, 2004, Edmonds, 2010, Wang, 2010). Many emotions are similar across cultures, how they are expressed and interpreted is culture-specific. For example, a person of Japanese decent may smile as she relates details of a death in her family. For a Westerner, who understands a smile to mean happiness, this expression may seem cold and unfeeling. Based upon cultural beliefs in Japan, it is not appropriate to inflict the pain of grief on others (LeBaron, 2003). The understanding of high-and low-context communications from different cultures is significant because it plays an integral part in understanding and developing a relationship. â€Å"Direct and indirect styles of communication correspond to the concept of high-and low-context cultures. The United States is considered a low-context culture because of the linear and direct style of communication. On the other hand, China, Mexico, and Egypt are termed â€Å"high-context cultures† because communication is more contextual, process-oriented, and less rushed† (Fouad, 2007, p. 3). In examining the cognitive style of communication, Brooks (2004) noted that Americans follow a predictable sequence in their thought process. They tend to organize their thoughts in a linear fashion before speaking. Speakers, who have a more relaxed view on time, tend to meander to the point, such as Asians. Arab, Russians, and Africans, tend to insert stories and go off on tangents (p. 143). Cultures tend to attribute different levels of importance to nonverbal and verbal communication. High context cultures rely more on the unspoken word. They are concerned and focused upon the context and the person’s knowledge of the rules for communicating. For other cultures, a clear understanding of the message is less important because nonverbal behavior and the context are understood. Middle East, Asia, and Latin America are examples of high context cultural groups. United States and Canada are considered a low context culture because they place less importance on nonverbal communication and rely heavily on the spoken word (Fouad, 2007). According to (LeBaron, 2003) high context settings such as Japan or Colombia, understanding of the nonverbal message is more important than the communication as a whole. Therapists need to be aware of these differences so they can model appropriate behaviors for others (Fouad, 2007). â€Å"Gudykunst (2001) conceptualized high context communication to include the following communication styles: being indirect, inferring meaning, interpersonal sensitivity, using feelings to guide behavior, and the using silence. In contrast, low context communication includes: being dramatic, dominant, animated, relaxed, attentive, open friendly, contentious, and impression-leaving† (Park Kim, 2008, p. 47). An emerging body of research has documented that â€Å"Asian cultures tend to adhere to high context communication styles, while European cultures tend to adhere to low context communication styles† (p. 47). Communication styles can be rational or emotional. For example, Brooks (2004) stated that Americans are considered to be more rational. On the other hand, Southeast Asians prefer to keep their emotions stable. Russians are known to be highly emotional (p. 144). In chapter 3, Fouad (2007) addresses the cross-cultural interactions with others. According to Fouad (2007) â€Å"sensitivity and understanding about different cultural scripts for verbal and nonverbal behaviors are essential because of the different formal and informal norms across cultures† (p. 43). This is an important message because you cannot have rapport and empathy without understanding, sensitivity, and knowledge of multicultural behaviors and values. Effectiveness with a client from another culture is dependent upon making educated choices involving communication. LeBaron (2003) noted that â€Å"all communication is cultural; it draws on how we have learned to speak and give nonverbal messages† (p. 1). The way we communicate to others depends upon the situation, individual personalities, and our mood. This coupled with a variety of cultural influences we already have can influence our communication choices. Communication is interactive and plays an important influence on the effectiveness of our relationship with others (LeBaron, 2003). Although some emotions are universal (a smiley face inserted in emails), others are subtle and often misunderstood (a wink). Facial expressions may be the only form of nonverbal communication that may be considered universal. Cultures interpret body language, gestures, posture and carriage, vocal noises (shrieks and grunts), and degree of eye contact differently (Edmonds, 2010). Gestures can be easily misinterpreted. For example, nodding your head up and down within the Western culture, suggests you agree. However, in the Middle Eastern culture, it means the opposite. Nodding your head affirmatively in the Middle East is a sign of disagreement. Moreover, in Japan, a nod is just a signal that someone is listening (Wang, 2010). Edmonds (2010) shares that the â€Å"OK† signal made by forming a circle with the thumb and forefinger refers to money in some countries, while in others, it’s extremely offensive reference to a private body part. Eye contact is another variable that is extremely important. In some cultures direct eye contact is valued. However, in other cultures, averting eye contact is a sign of respect. A simple gesture of thumbs up, may readily offend someone from a different culture. In Iran, this gesture is considered to be vulgar. Shaking hands when greeting may seem innocent, but in some countries this is rude behavior. In the Middle East, you should not hand an object to another person with your left hand. The left hand in the Middle East is reserved for personal hygiene (Edmonds, 2010). Others may be shy and touching is considered an intimate behavior. There are specific rules for personal space across cultures. There are different ideas about space when having a conversation. Research shows that Americans tend to prefer a large amount of space. Europeans tend to stand closer together when talking. It is suggested that this may be due to the fact that Europeans are accustomed to smaller places. Americans on the other hand, are used to larger homes and countryside’s (LeBaron, 2003). Personal space is not a concern for some cultures. Italians and Latino’s allow for open kissing with strong and long embraces to greet one another, whereas in the United States, such contact may be considered too sexual. Further studies have shown that Asian children cannot be touched on the head or it will damage the child’s soul. Each of these variables influences communication efforts (Edmonds (2010). As clinicians, we must strive to learn all we can about the culture of our clients. Remer (2007) introduces the butterfly effect. This effect refers to â€Å"those small differences in initial conditions may have severe consequences for patterns in the long run† (p. 93). Miscommunications can lead to frustration and a lack of trust, thus destroying a relationship. Conflict can easily occur or escalate if miscommunications are already in place. As an agent of change, this writer values diversity as an opportunity to learn. Professional expectations should never be lowered, they need to be developed and maintained in order to improve the quality of culturally competent services. Sensitivity and knowledge should be heightened in order to be a successful agent of change. Striving to be cross-culturally competent is a life long journey. It begins with each day being viewed as an opportunity to learn more about another person. Competence implies that one has the confidence and the capacity to function effectively outside of their culture zone. Despite the madness surrounding social service agencies, this writer is committed to supporting members of underrepresented groups. It is paramount to be committed to incorporating a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal communication skills in response to direct and indirect communication styles. A simple glance can affect the message you are sending and how others perceive you. Moreover, it is important to have a strong sense of self awareness. One must be accepting, comfortable and open to new and unfamiliar ways of communicating in order to broaden personal perspectives. The main focus is to remain objective, know that there are cultural differences, be able to identify subtle behaviors, and to trust your intuition. Alternative ways in which a therapist can be actively involved in cross cultural communication may include checking with clients for the accuracy of your interpretation when unsure. Raising a question about interpretations demonstrates interest, validation and establishes trust. Therapists may choose to move outside of verbal exchanges and use acting, puppets (young children), drawing, music, story telling, collage making and journaling. By allowing clients to be your teacher, one can enhance the relationship and establish competence. As an agent of change, specific objectives are to be met. First, diversity training should be offered. Coworkers will be asked to band together and search for consultants or facilitators to assist in the planning. Second, embrace research and gain as much knowledge as you can about your client’s culture. Third, frequent consultations with supervisors and colleagues are important to obtain performance feedback. Collaboration with others is an excellent way to remain grounded. As a therapist working with cross cultural clients, it is important to remember that although your mouth is closed, your body is talking. How to cite Cross Cultural Interactions with Others, Essay examples

Earthworms Essay Thesis Example For Students

Earthworms Essay Thesis Earthworms are classified as Annelida. Annelida mean little rings whichrefers to the many segments in their body. The structure of an earthwormsbody is made up of more than one hundred segments separated by partitions thatdivide the coelum. All segments are identical except by the anterior andposterior ends. The anterior segments reflect the cephalization that is anadaption of burrowing. The head of the earthworm contains the sense organs. Themuscle lines that make up the interior body wall are circular and longitudinal. Earthworms move by anchoring some segments by their setae and contracts thecircular muscles in front of those segments, producing fluid pressure in theanterior coelom cavities. The anterior setae grip the ground, the longitudinalmuscles contract pulling the posterior along. Earthworms burrow and feed on soiland organic matter at the same time. They digest the organic matter andeliminate wastes and undigested matter as dirt and feces called castings. Earthworms are good for the soil because they sucked up soil into the by themuscular pharynx. The soil then passes through a tubelike esophagus to atemporary storage called a crop, and from there to the gizzard. The gizzardwalls grind the soil, releasing and breaking up organic matter. Through theearthworms body via a closed circulatory system it transports oxygen,nutrients, and wastes. The blood travels from the anterior to the posteriorthrough ventral blood vessel and then forward through a dorsal vessel. Aorticarches are five tubes that link the major vessel near the anterior. Smallervessels branch into each segment of the body. Earthworms have no respiratorysystem or no gills. Carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse directly across the skin. This process can only happen if the skin is moist. Earthworms secretions ofmucus and a thin cuticle help keep the skin moist. Through a long tube callednephridia the earthworms eliminate nitrogenous wastes. Earthworms are sensitiveto touch, light, vibrations, moisture, chemicals, and temperatures. Other senseorgans and the nerves that control individual muscle contractions are present ineach segment. Earthworms are hermaphrodites, but one worm cannot fertilize itown eggs. When earthworms are join to head to tail its called mating. Together they form a mucus around each other. They both inject sperm into themucus. One of their sperms goes to a pouchlike seminal receptable. After aseveral days a mucus and chitin sheath is secreted by the clitelllum a swellingaround the sex organs. When the worm wriggles to slip the sheath off its body,eggs, and sperm are joined and fertilization occurs. Zoology and Animals

Regulations and Policies in Europe free essay sample

How does it fit within the ideas of Hayek and Keynes? Use the stagflation of the 70s as an example. The post–World War II the postwar economic boom, also known as economic expansion, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, and the Age of Keynes in western countries after the end of World War II in 1945. It was a high worldwide economic growth in Western European that had been devastated by the war such as unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. By the end of World War II, much of Europe was devastated. The regions trade flows had been disrupted. Food shortages were severe in all over the Europe. The 1930’s Great Depression in Europe production had fallen far below even than usual for the entire decade due to failure of market forces to restore demand to normal levels. Hence, the biggest panic after WWII was the return of the Great Depression during 30s. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulations and Policies in Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the war, the major powers were determined not to repeat the mistakes of the Great Depression. Governments might have been slow to dismantle wartime allocation controls, and so have severely constrained the market mechanism. However, Politicians were predisposed toward intervention and regulation, their principle was: no matter how damaging â€Å"government failure† might be to the economy, it had to be better than the â€Å"market failure† of the Depression. After WWII, the slightest regulations and policies are derived from The Keynesian Economy. Keynesian economists claim that the boom was caused by the adoption of Keynesian economic policies, particularly government spending. The basic idea of Keynesian thinking was to have pure free market policies rather than the mixed economy which require a significant role for government intervention. Efforts against Keynesianism took place on three fronts – in the academic world, in politics, and in the wider world of business and public opinion. In Keyness theory, in contrast to the previously accepted view, an economic depression might continue indefinitely unless government spending, financed by a budget deficit, were increased sufficiently. In 1948 the Marshall Plan was implemented to rebuild and modernize Western Europe. The Coal and Steel Community had which was to become the European Union lately. The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was a program occurred in United States to aid Europe as the US. gives monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of WWII in order to have a force over Soviet communism. The plan was for four years. The goals of the Marshall Plan were to remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and provide Europe to be strong again. Plan pumped over $12 billion to rebuild and modernize Western Europe. Keynesian economics period also accepted as financial repression. With these Keynesian policies such as low nominal interest rates and low or negative real interest rates and government policy, especially the US and UK both dealt with their existing government debt level from Great Depression and World War II and reduce the level of debt in the debt service without needing to direct a high portion of government spending. All of the success was coming from free market economies. After the death of President Roosevelt, a conservative control of Congress took place and try to turn the policies into Libertarian policies by rejecting numerous Keynesian initiatives, dropped many price controls, and instead cut taxes sharply. These libertarian policies are believed to have been stimulated the economy and created near full employment. During the whole period, especially Hayek was against Keynes at some points. He and a group occurred from other journalists and intellectuals had planned to displace Keynesianism and other collectivist influences. Hayek complained about economists to refuse to allow his work to be questioned after his death, it almost became a tabu. According to Friedrich von Hayek, the development of welfare socialism after World War II undermined freedom and would lead western democracies inexorably to some form of state-run serfdom so that socialism was also affecting Europe negatively. For the institutions Bretton Woods system was used after WWII until 1970s. The Bretton Woods system was historys first example of a fully negotiated monetary order. It is an international regime which was designed to combine binding legal obligations with multilateral decision-making, which is conducted through an international organization, like the IMF, endowing money with some limited supranational authority. In 1971, The Bretton Woods system collapsed due to President Richard Nixon’s severed the link between the dollar and gold. Another policy which is used after WWII was Military Keynesianism, which sighted to devote a large amount of money spending to the military to increase the economical growth of the countries.

Auschwitz Essays - The Holocaust, Auschwitz Concentration Camp

Auschwitz Essays - The Holocaust, Auschwitz Concentration Camp Auschwitz Auschwitz began as a barracks camp in the town of Oswiecim, for the polish army in the early 1930's. Germany then captured Poland and needed another location for Polish political prisoners. In 1940, the German SS sent a commission to Oswiecim to see if the barracks there could be used. The first inspection reported that it could not be used, however, a later inspection stated that after a few minor changes it would be useable. On May 4, 1940 Rudolf Hoss officially established it as a German concentration camp. Hoss was Auschwitz's first commandant. Auschwitz was originally intended for Polish political prisoners and other Poles. In June of 1940, the first load of prisoners arrived. 728 Poles and a handful of Jews. Soon, though, it became a melting pot of prisoners. Czechs, Soviets, Yugoslavs, Jews, and Gypsies; but only men were housed there. Not until 1942 did women arrive. In January of 1942 it was decided that Auschwitz would become the main Jewish extermination camp. Thereafter cattle cars brought in ship loads of Jews monthly. They were brought from all over in these filthy cars, going for days without food, water, or washing facilities. Many times these cars were so crowded that people were simply crushed to death. During the first few months of operation, Auschwitz simply housed the Jews because an effective method for mass extermination had not yet been found. They performed many experiments on the prisoners to find a gas that was cheap and quickly effective. Also, they had not yet begun cremating the bodies so they had prisoners dig huge trenches 15 ft. wide, 15 ft. deep, and 150 yds. long to bury them. These massive holes would be filled within days. However, during the summer, the bodies bloated and rotted and a disgusting purplish liquid began seeping up from these graves, smelling of bile and rotting flesh. Nearby fish farmers complained that their fish were dying from pollution caused by the rotting bodies. Some other way to deal with the prisoners had to be found, especially since their numbers were increasing with every arrival. The Nazis then discovered Zyklon B. It was a very effective gas. Since they were then able to kill more efficiently, they had to find a more efficient means of disposing of the bodies. Soon, mass crematoriums were erected, capable of burning 2,000 bodies in a single day. Upon arrival at camp, doctors made selections as to who would live and perform slave labor. The others would be gassed. Two lines would be formed, one going in the direction of the camp, and the other leading toward the 'shower rooms'. Those not selected for the 'life' line were told that they would be going to the showers for 'delousing'. They were made to fold their clothes neatly and put them in piles and march, naked, to the 'showers'. Those rooms were equipped with fake shower heads and benches and everything, but none of them worked. The Jews would be herded into these rooms and the doors would lock. Then Vents in the ceiling would open and granules of Zyklon B would be released. Within 15 minutes, they would all be dead. Thirty minutes after they died, they would open the doors and let it air out for two or three hours. Then they would send in slaves to remove the bodies, taking them to the crematorium. The prisoners chosen for the 'life' line had the worst fate though. The conditions at Auschwitz were unthinkable. Prisoners slept 6 people to a bunk, which was made for two. These bunks rose 6 feet high, sometimes with so much weight on the tops of them, they would collapse and kill all them ones underneath while they slept. Sleep was impossible for most though, beds were hard plank boards, over crowded and infested with lice, ticks and bed bugs. The rats were so bad that if a prisoners died in the middle of the night, the rats would have eaten him to the point where recognition was impossible. Every morning prisoners had to stand or squat for hours at a time for roll call. They also had to bring out the bodies of anyone who had

Centralized and decentralized research analysis of United States and Essay

Centralized and decentralized research analysis of United States and Japan's educational system - Essay Example o the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, a number of education scholars and practitioners assert that the federal government is pursuing, or possibly already fulfilling a significantly greater function. In the meantime, although the Japanese education espoused the education paradigm of the United States after the Second World War, k-12 education is far more centralized in Japan than in the U.S. Curriculum responsibility is concentrated on the national Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.iii The United States and Japan are two countries that are ranked in the top four for best educational systems in 2010, even though each country uses a different teaching style to achieve success with faculty and students performances.iv However, both nations are lacking key factors to sustain success with students in today’s changing economy. Based on the present government reformed acts in both the United States and Japan educational systems there is a need for (1) more technical skills in basic education, (2) a need to help support teachers and parents to renew the value of education into students, and (3) remove violence from the education environment in order to achieve success in each country’s educational system. In 1856, the United States formed its first kindergarten. Compulsory education, by the 1950s, had become institutionalized, yet the current k-12 education remains in its formative years.v Ever since the establishment in 1979 of the US Department of Education, the structure of k-12 education has been identical to that of at present, but has experienced a chain of modifications to address the evolving requirements of education.vi The education structure of the United States is distinct from several other developed nations. Education is mainly the duty of local and state government, and hence, for instance, there is modest standardization. The independent states have substantial power over the curriculum and over the prerequisites that

American Environment History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Environment History - Essay Example tury and even felt to date whereby some especially the preservationists led by Muir termed those supported â€Å"wise use† of natural resources for humanity’s benefits as â€Å"temple destroyers† (Fitzsimmons 13). This is evident specifically when the two sides disagreed on damming Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park to act as a reservoir with the intention of availing water supply to San Francisco city (Fitzsimmons 13). Pinchot’s idea encompassed the then dam that was basis of argument after completion and effective management to flood Hetch Hetchy Valley and in turn avail necessary water to the city dwellers (Chapman). Hence, aligning with what he cited as â€Å"wise use† of resources not only during then but also in future whereby currently San Francisco continues to depend on this water supply. This was after Pinchot’s idea received massive congressional approval for complete construction in 1913 (Fitzsimmons 13). Consequently, this brought about Western Civilization ideals of utilizing natural resources with the intention of benefiting from them though with consideration of their sustenance despite being anti Muir’s argument. This is because Muir on his part termed natural resources as sacred thus referring Hetch Hetchy Valley as â€Å"shrine† and those of contrary opinion were holding perfect contempt against nature (Fitzsimmons 13). Chapman, Ann, E. American Conservation in the Twentieth Century. National Park Service. n.d. Web. 27Th October 2013.

Compare and contrast the possible biological risks and hazards when Essay - 2

Compare and contrast the possible biological risks and hazards when using Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasound (US) when imaging a pregnant patient - Essay Example With the type of diagnostics required, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan, and ultrasound (US) are used; each of these diagnostic methods has both detrimental and beneficial effects on a normal pregnancy. During the first trimester organogenesis takes place in the fetus, teratogenic substances from the environmental will cause organ agenesis and malformations, also death of the fetus is very likely (Holmes, 2011). The teratogens can be in the form of chemicals and radiations, which the mother is exposed to in the environment. With the basic knowledge on teratogenic substances and effects on the fetus, it is important that risks and benefits of any diagnostic methods are determined. This is a non-invasive method that uses of narrow beam x-ray to scan successive layers of tissue in the body for a cross sectional view. This diagnostic method is reliably used in diagnosing pelvic, neurological, skeletal abdominal thoracic conditions and cancers (Shetty, 2010). During pregnancy, it is used to diagnose congenital malformations such as neural tube defects tumors and hemorrhagic conditions in the fetus. However, when the CT scan is done in pregnancy it is likely to bring about the fear of teratogenic and carcinogenic effects due to the ionizing radiations to the growing fetus. The effects are more pronounced when the fetus is in the field of view during the procedure as chances of exposure to the beams are increased. Frequent exposures to the CT scans can also bring about stochastic effects through causing DNA changes in the fetus (Pommier et al., 2009). CT scan has been associated with use of contrast dyes to obtain clear images. Barium and other iodine based intravenous chemicals are used in the process; however, these chemicals have hazardous effects to the growth of the fetus and the health of the mother. Manriquez et al. (2010) also found out that the existence of maternal preeclampsia as an

Brahman Is The Highest And Most Supreme Religion Essay

Brahman Is The Highest And Most Supreme Religion Essay Brahman is the highest and most supreme of all Hindu gods. It is the transcendent, immanent, infinite, unchanging, eternal reality. The Divine Ground that sums up all the being, space, time energy, matter and all within and beyond this universe. Brahams nature is described as impersonal, personal and transpersonal. Brahman, conceived from the Hindu verb brh, means infinity and greatness. Brahman was born from Brahma who is the creator, the source and the seed of all that is in this world. Brahman, due to his functions as the creator of all, is not allowed to have a lot of devotees and is thus unpopular among the Hindu pantheon since his wok demands attention, concentration and introversion. As there is no more creation, he lost his importance to other gods; Vishnu and Siva, of the Hindu trinity. He is said to be father of Manu, from whom all Hindus descended from. Brahman is the universal substrate or the absolute reality and should not be confused with Brahma, god and the creator. T hey say that Brahman cannot be known through material means, and we cannot be made to be conscious of it as he is our very own being and consciousness. Atman on the other hand refers to the true self of a person. Philosophically it is the soul either individually or globally. It could also b defined as the source o all the individual souls. It is the indistinguishable, unchanging and eternal essence. According to Hinduism, any mortal existence has an immortal aspect and this is always hidden within every created object and this includes man. Atman provides experience of the pleasures and pain of earthly life thus giving us reason to live and imparts divine possibilities and qualities. Atman being the silent partner and dweller within us and all our experiences and deeds, can only be felt when no other sensory activities impact the mind. This is attained through yoga. In Buddhism however, the cause of misery is ignorance which is a prime consequence of the belief that there exists an atman that is unchanging. Our soul or atman is identifiable readily with Brahmans greater soul. Buddhism In Buddhism, Anatta is the selfless idea of non-self. It means that everything perceived is not in the I or mine sense and thus one should not cling on to. It encourages people o develop a sense of willingness to let go at any time as these perceived objects become unnecessary to ones self. The rebirth doctrine should be well differentiated from the reincarnation theory which refers to the soul transmigration and its material rebirth invariable. Buddhism does not recognize the existence of an eternal or unchanging soul that emanates from divine essence. It is in sharp contrast to Hinduisms self awareness ideology of atman. According to Buddhism there is nothing that is fixed or permanent in our existence. Everything is subject to destruction and decay. No man should identify himself with any form or name but rather be aware of the continuous change process of becoming. In Japanese Buddhism, Satori means enlightenment. It is a surge o sudden individual enlightenment and/or awareness. It is coined from the Zen Buddhist culture and considered as the embarkation or earlier step towards nirvana. Satori can and is often juxtaposed to the term kensho meaning viewing ones nature and character. Satori however, is a deeper spiritual state than kensho. Being an intuitive experience, It has been described as a situation like waking up one day to find yourself with an extra pair of arms to later learn how to use them. Satori is commonly attained from personal experiences by the traditional use of koans like the collection found in the Gateless Gate. They are theoretical puzzles students use in assistance of Satori realization. It does not occur to individuals but rather all concept realization individuals included therein. The Zen Buddhist student need to prepare their minds first with rigorous study with koans and then meditation which clears their minds from all attachments to the physical existence. In many Japanese folktales, Satori was referred to as a mountain dwelling creature with the rare ability to read the human mind and thoughts. Thus the only way to defeat a Satori was to empty ones mind completely. This way it will run in fear, leave due to boredom or die. Confucianism Confucianism put much emphasis on filial piety. I is on of the most important virtues and should be held highly. It is defined as the respect for ones parents and ancestors. The Classic of Xiao, a Confucian book written during the 400 B.C. period in a conversation between Zeng Shen, a student and Confucius. Filial piety, in Chinese culture, is the fist and foremost virtue. These religious traditions were until recent years, been enforced by law at times. It is a form of ancestral worship and its avoidance was punishable by law. This virtue should be shown to both the dead and the living alike and is a respect that has over the years bee extended to cover other five forms; friend to friend, elder brother to younger brother, husband to wife, father to son and ruler to ruled. The respect for elders was held in high reverence in all these forms of relationships and the living stood as sons of the dead. This filial piety idea adversely influenced the legal system in china. The book of fil ial piety written in the third century is the major source of filial piety importance and it was attributed to Confucius as well as hi son. Li is a Chinese word that is extensively used in Confucianism. It meaning is rather vague but in most cases it is attached to the word ritual. I is just an abstract idea and not and object of definitive nature. It has also been described and translated s the morals, etiquette or customs. It is generally a collection of rules of proper and good behavior. It broadly deals with the entirely whole spectrum of the contacts and interaction with nature, material objects and other human beings. Confucius, in his discussions, encompasses diverse topics like governance, mourning, titles, drinking tea, and learning among other things. Li entails the norms of proper behavior socially taught to us by government officials, village elders or parents. The teachings encourage loyalty, god faith, righteousness, brotherliness and filial submission. The Li influence has guided public expectations and has enhanced the loyalty to the community superiors and elders. Religious impulse. Religion has always been there perhaps even longer than human beings. There was an understanding of a supernatural force showed by Neanderthals millions of years ago. The most common and weird thread among the various religions in the world is the impulse to worship a supernatural being or just generally something at that matter. Therefore, religious impulse can be defined universally as the urge to put faith in a form that is always beyond our perception and understanding. Even in our era, a time of technological and scientific advancements, a lot of people believe in the unknown. Religion therefore is the belief in supernatural powers that control our fate that is entitled to our obedience, respect and worship. In every great religion, three aspects are paramount; charity, faith and hope. These are the ethics, ritual and theology respectively. It should entail conservation of values and be a system that involves a world view, a philosophy and a code of ethics. Different religions have different characteristics however most features are similar in different religions and these are; specific rules of conduct, sense of community and family, ethics system, institutions that are well organized, supernatural belief and life after death, soul existence and sacred scriptures and writings. The factors and root causes that may lead people towards religious impulses are the fear of death and whatever is lying in wait beyond that. Also humans are a curious bunch and the mystery of their existence pushes them towards a spiritual angle. Since we are incapable of answering most of lifes questions, like the purpose of our lives and the immaterial or the spiritual part of us, it creates a belief towards religion as the best form of explanation. Finally one just feels the need of a spiritual conscience to the materialism of modern life. The nature of the divine varies in different religious settings. Hindus for example, often think of themselves as monothei sts worshiping various divine aspects and no various divinities. However, outsiders always see Hinduism as similar to faiths inclined to traditional polytheistic. Idealistic Religion Among the above religions, Confucianism is the most appealing while I find Hinduism the least appealing. Hinduism consists of so many beliefs with a lot of intertwined gods and goddesses. The caste system of classes is also unrealistic as all human bins should be equal and receive equal opportunities. For a very long time his has bee the factor that has served most disservice to he Hindu religion. The idea of recognizing inequalities based on the lineage, family and birth and stating it as the will of god is alarming. Though Confucianism has shortcomings as well, its ethics and morals have positive influence on the society as a whole. The teachings of Li and filial piety are greatly important especially to children growing up. It is common sense to respect and obey ones elders and putting that into law is a great way of ensuring a society with good and polite morals. It involved action internalization allowing one to be open to the sensations panoply of the experience. It maintains a healthy selflessness practices to oneself and as an example set to others. Personal approaches as well as the approaches of the at large demonstrates how these values are utilized in everything, the good and the bad, the detailed and the broad, the formlessness and the form. The rituals and practices in Confucianism are dynamic. These practices have been modified and revised in accordance to emerging societal beliefs. Though the practices are bound to change, the fundamental ideology remains the core of the religious beliefs.

The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in Ess

The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in If a random individual were asked twenty years ago if he/she believed that science could clone an animal, most would have given a weird look and responded, â€Å"Are you kidding me?† However, that once crazy idea has now become a reality, and with this reality, has come debate after debate about the ethics and morality of cloning. Yet technology has not stopped with just the cloning of animals, but now many scientists are contemplating and are trying to find successful ways to clone human individuals. This idea of human cloning has fueled debate not just in the United States, but also with countries all over the world. I believe that it is not morally and ethically right to clone humans. Even though technology is constantly advancing, it is not reasonable to believe that human cloning is morally and ethically correct, due to the killing of human embryos, the unsafe process of cloning, and the resulting consequences of having deformed clones. Human cloning is the process by which genetic material from one person would be artificially transferred into a human or animal egg cell, thereby beginning the life of a new human individual who has only one parent and who is genetically identical to that parent. The once impossible idea of cloning became a reality in 1997 when Scottish embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Scotland announced that a cloned sheep named Dolly was born. Dolly was created by removing the nucleus from a sheep egg cell and replacing it in the nucleus of a cell taken from the udder of another sheep. This said might sound good, but there are other pieces of information that need to be known about this process. ... ....† A World of Ideas. Ed. Lee Jacobus. Boston: Bedford, 2002. 261-284. â€Å"Hundreds want clones, scientists say.† 9 March 2002. MSNBC.com 2 April 2002 http://www.msnbc.com/news/541711.asp?cp1=1. Jefferson, Thomas. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence.† A World of Ideas. Ed. Lee Jacobus. Boston: Bedford, 2002. 75-84. Lee, Jean K. â€Å"Panel Discusses Ethical Issues of Cloning at Crowded Forum.† The Tech v117 (9 May 1997) p12. 5 April 2002 http://the-tech.mit.edu/V117/N25/cloning.25n.html. â€Å"Much Confusion Over Cloning: Many Americans Don’t Understand Science, Risks.† 2 April 2002. The Associated Press. 5 April 2002 http://www.msnbc.com/news/553785.asp. Wachbroit, Robert. Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning. 1999. Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy, U of Maryland. 5 April 2002 http://www.puaf.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/cloning.htm.

Frida Kahlo HSC

Friday Kohl â€Å"Art can be an expression of personal experience† Discuss this statement in reference to the life of Friday Kohl. Friday Kohl was described as â€Å"the first woman in the history of art to address with absolute and uncompromising honesty, general and specific themes which exclusively affect women† by life-long lover, Diego Riviera. As a Mexican female artist in the 20th century, Friday's themes expressed in her artworks were considered highly explicit at the time.She was fine artist who used autobiographical through her extensive output f self-portraits. They are evidence of her need for self-expression and her exploration of identity. She overcame many difficult events including polio, long recovery from a serious car accident, two failed marriages, and several miscarriages some having a direct influence on her art. She used these experiences, combined with Mexican and Native American cultural and stylistic influences, to create highly personal painti ngs.Kohl used personal symbolism mixed with Surrealism to express her suffering and anguish through her work. A viewer might classify her paintings as Surrealism, but she considered her art to be realistic. In reference to the statement â€Å"art can be an expression of personal experience†, Kohl has produced a plethora of artworks which express her personal experience. Kohl's many works from 1926 until her death in 1954 were each a response to an event, personal experience or the result of her own personal exploration into her heritage or identity.On September 17th, 1925 one single event changed Kohl's entire future. She was injured in a collision of a tram and a bus in which she suffered serious injuries in the accident, including a broken spinal column, a broken collarbone, broken ribs, a broken pelvis, eleven fractures in her right leg, a crushed and dislocated right foot, and a dislocated shoulder. An iron handrail pierced her abdomen and her uterus, which seriously dama ged her reproductive ability. After this she was bedridden for months and as she states â€Å"Without giving it any particular thought, I started painting†.This accident also provide many direct influence to her artworks including a small drawing â€Å"Accident† (1925), which portrays a scene with no consideration to the rules of respective and the images of the collision, her broken body lying on the road and her own face looking down upon her can be seen. Also in her later work â€Å"The Broken Column† (1944), this painting is a direct response to her body health slowly deteriorating to the point where she had to wear a metal corset. In the painting Friday is the centre image, with an Ionic column broken in several places as a symbol of her spine.All over her body sharp nails are embedded in her skin which expresses the immense pain which is also highlighted by the desolate, fissured landscape which ads a feel of loneliness. Friday is well known for her unique ness, this developed early in her life with the help of her loving father, Wilhelm Kohl (1872-1941), he provided her with a passion for art as he was a photographer she describes him as an â€Å"immense example to me of tenderness, of work and above all of understanding†.Her affection towards her father is expressed in the painting â€Å"Portrait of my Father† (1951), where she clearly expresses with the bannered across the bottom of the painting his accomplishments ND by positioning him with the tool of his trade a plate-back camera, her respect for him. As a young child Friday suffered from polio, which stunted the growth of her right foot, during her convalescence she spent a lot of time with her father learning how to use a camera and color photographs – experiences which were useful for her later painting.Friday Kohl's self-portraits carried highly personal messages and helped her to shaped her idea of her own self; by creating herself anew in her art, she could find her way to her identity. Such is expressed in â€Å"The Two Friday's† (1939) is a double elf-portrait, which is a complex image, filled with symbolism. This revealing, if enigmatic, work is a direct response to Kohl's divorce from her life-long lover Diego Riviera, and expresses her personal feeling towards the situation. The duality Kohl feels is revealed by contrasting costumes, Mexican and European.The painting is filled with the pain she felt at the separation from Riviera. Kohl has painted two versions of herself – one Friday, wears a Victorian dress, is the one Riviera loved and the other, on the right, dressed in simple Athena dress, is the Friday he no longer eves. The two Friday's hold hands and are also connected by an artery that flows between their two hearts. The Friday on the left-hand side controls the blood flow with surgical clamps and the open artery on her lap may refer to the end of her marriage with Riviera.The Friday on the right-hand s ide holds a small portrait of Riviera as a child. Friday on the right can also symbolism Catholic representations of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Friday on the left has her chest ripped open which could be in reference to the Aztec sacrificial practices. A turbulent sky fills the background, and focus is on inner identity and the desiring body. The doubling or split self and the contradictory pairing of an inner and outer reality being played out in the body suggest a surreal vision.Her many self-portraits show an indication of how her style developed over her career, when comparing her earliest self-portrait â€Å"Self-portrait in a velvet dress† (1926) to her later â€Å"Self-portrait time flies† (1929) there is a clear indication of development in style and attention to symbolism. Details like her simple looting, colonial earring, pre-colonial necklace, indicating pre-Columbian and colonial cultural influences, are an obvious progression from her earlier work.A nother example is in the two portraits â€Å"Portrait of Alicia Gallant† (1927) and â€Å"Portrait of my sister Christina† (1928), in these early portraits her style still orientated towards European-influenced Mexican portrait painting of the 19th-century, differ from the later portraits, which reveal a clear trend towards Mexicans, Mexican national consciousness. Her many personal influences are also expressed within many of her arks, she had a love of Chinese poetry which is represented in the subject for the painting â€Å"Portrait of Miguel N.Lira† (1927), her interest in Aztec rituals is represented in the composition of the painting â€Å"My birth† (1932) where the position of the woman giving birth is a direct reference to the goddess Tolerated and her passion for nature and life is represented as a motif in several paintings, including â€Å"portrait of Luther Burbank† (1931) a famed horticulturalist for his unusual passion for vegetable a nd fruit hybrid. In this paint he is depicted as half tree, half human.Her work for he first time turning away from straightforward reality into external reality. Skeleton at bottom relates to her favorite subject – birth of life through death which reflects on her personal experience in the car crash she suffered. The Mexican Revolution which began in 1910 had an effective influence upon the young Friday (only 3 at the time), who would later claim to be born in 1910 as to state she and the new Mexico were born at the same time.Though there are no artworks dedicated solely to the revolution and its effect upon her, it is clear in some of her works the effect the evolution and its figures had upon her like â€Å"Nucleus of Creation† (1945) and â€Å"Self- Portrait dedicated to Leon Trotsky' (1937), the prominent figure and Kohl shared a brief affair and she presented to him on his birthday November 7th, the anniversary of the Russian Revolution.Her idea of creation in relation to sexuality and birth is a recurring theme in many of her later paintings including â€Å"Flower of Life† (1943), depicting a pollinating flower as a powerful representation of sexuality, also in â€Å"Sun and Life† (1947), where the amorphous plant forms are symbols of female and male initial alongside the life-giving sun in the centre and especially in the painting â€Å"Nucleus of Creation† (1945), this painting was directly inspired by the book â€Å"Moses the Man and Monotheistic Religion† by Sigmund Freud, the central figure is the abandoned baby Moses which resembles Diego Riviera surrounded by a fetus, a large sun, an egg being fertilized by sperm and also many influential figures of time including Stalin, Ghanaian and Jesus. Friday was influenced by her inability to have a child and this is a topic she explores through many of her works, in 1932 while in Detroit, United States Kohl suffered a miscarriage which is represented in the pain ting â€Å"Henry Ford Hospital† (1932), where the artist is shown as a small, naked, vulnerable figure in an enormous bed in the front of a vast plain with an industrious, cityscape on the horizon. The bed is stained with blood and flowing from her hand are images of a fetus, flower and other images linked to her miscarriage.Her miscarriage is also depicted in â€Å"My Birth† (1932), where Friday illustrates her own birth where she appears lifeless. Friday's work as a female artist in the 20th century has ad a profound impact on successive female artists. She suffered an early death at the age of 47, and like many artists since her death her work has achieved more popularity than during her life. In the sass Friday Kohl achieved a cult figure status; she is well-known for her adjoining eyebrows and explicitly, yet heavily personal work. Therefore in reference to the statement â€Å"art can be an expression of personal experience†, Friday Kohl's work would suppor t this as many events in her life led to the creation of many artworks. (1620 words)

Academic Dishonesty 10 Essays

Academic Dishonesty 10 Essays Academic Dishonesty 10 Essay Academic Dishonesty 10 Essay services and methods to reduce the amount of academic cheating or at least dissuade some students from using technology to cheat. Some of the technologies that are used to thwart cheaters are website like Turnitin. com, use the Internet to disseminate disinformation, and even the extreme of electronic cages. The availability of texts on-line makes it far easier for students to cheat. The technology has been manipulated to address Internet plagiarism (Sheridan, 2005). There are now websites that check uploaded papers to see if the contents are plagiarized. Teachers no longer need to know their students’ writing styles or the breadth of their vocabulary to detect plagiarism (Niell, 2006). The main service among plagiarism detection web sites is Turnitin. com. The service checks around 70,000 papers a day from both high schools and universities (Niell, 2006). Turnitin. com is also the underlying website that is used for University of Phoenix’s Plagiarism Checker. Institutions are signing on to the Turnitin. com service at fairly fast pace. The service makes a digital fingerprint of papers submitted and compares that fingerprint against a database. The papers are then scored for percentage of plagiarized wording. All submitted works become part of the database as well (Sheridan, 2005). This technology is impressive and will contribute to academic honesty, but two issues arise from this service. First, academic honesty is based on an honor code. The honor code is built on trust. Submitting all papers to a plagiarism website fosters a culture of guilty until proven innocent (McCarroll, 2001). Also, there are some grumblings from students about Turnitin. com. The claim is Turnitin. com is misusing their intellectual property by incorporating all submitted papers into the services repository (Pereira, 2006). This service may stem the tide of Internet based plagiarism. Some professors have taken the cheating epidemic into their own hands. They have used the Internet against the very students that use it to cheat. Professors at University of Maryland posted responses to 30 test questions. The responses were riddled with false answers (Read, 2004). Of the 400 students taking the test 12 had copied the answers directly. Staff at the university applauded the professors’ scheme, but some professors and students are claiming the professors actions are ethically questionable (Read, 2006). Posting incorrect answers on the web uses the Internet to employ an old strategy of misinformation. Another way to curb cheating is to block cell phone use. Since the mobile phone is one of the main devices used to cheat during test, some education institutions have looked into electronic cages or Faraday cages (Meilke, 2006). The Faraday cage is named after the physicist Michael Faraday. The cage or shield could be constructed around test halls to prevent mobile devices from receiving outside transmissions (Meilke, 2006). The cage would prevent any electromagnetic fields form penetrating the test hall. This would render all mobile communication useless (Yaqoob, 2006). The problem with this technology is that some students have good cause to carry a cell phone and may need to receive an important call from family. Another way to deter mobile communication would be to use metal detecting devices or other equipment to sense wireless phone transmissions (Yaqoob, 2006). Conclusion Most students recognize the need for a good education and therefore conduct themselves honorably. Academic dishonesty has created a challenging situation for educators. The misuse of well-intended technology has further contributed to the proliferation of inappropriate academic behavior. But for those individuals who attempt to excel scholastically, or simply to attain average performance, by adopting dishonest practices, measures have to be taken to stem the tide. Many learning institutions have implemented standards of academic behavior that is shared with all students, education on the various forms of cheating or plagiarism, and the punishment that would be exacted upon the offenders. By so doing, a clear message is sent to those brazenly dishonest people, while allowing fair-minded students to derive the benefits of a wholesome education. References Barlow, D. (2006). The teachers lounge. Education Digest, 71(9), 40-43. Retrieved October 7, 2006, from the Academic Search Premier database. Cell phone penetration to climb higher. (Brief Article). (2005, July 22). KiplingerForecasts, 1, 3. Retrieved October 6, 2006, from InfoTrac OneFile via Thomson Gale: http://find. galegroup. com/ips/infomark. do? contentSet=IAC-Documentstype=retrievetabID=T003prodId=IPSdocId=A136155835source=galeuserGroupName=uphoenixversion=1. 0 Cox, A. (2006, October). Communication 101: Cell phones, text messages are changing the way people relate. Gainesville Times Website. Retrieved October 1, 2006, from gainesvilletimes. com/news/stories/20061001/localnews/127757. shtml Gross-Davis, B. Preventing Academic Dishonesty. [Online chapter HTML from the book Tools for Teaching] Retrieved September 27, 2006, from ttp://teaching. berkeley. edu/bgd/prevent. html Heyman, J. D. , Swertlow, F. , Ballard, M. , Barnes, S. , Duffy, T. , Gray, L. , Farrell-Mailander, J. , Harvey-Rosenberg, S. , Pang, D. , Shepherd, A. (2005, January 24). Psssst Whats the answer? No problem. Some teachers worry high-tech electronics, mixed with old-fashioned sneakiness, are making cheating easier and more widespread than eve r before. (Cheating in the Classroom). People Weekly, 63, p108. Retrieved October 19, 2006, from Academic OneFile via Thomson Gale Kleiner, C. , Lord, M. (1999, Nov 22). The cheating game. U. S. News World Report, 127, p55. Retrieved October 19, 2006, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center via Thomson Gale Laird, E. (2001). We all pay for internet plagiarism. Education Digest, 67(3), 56-60. Retrieved October 07, 2006, from the Proquest database. McCarroll, C. (2001). Beating web cheaters at their own game. Christian Science Monitor, 93(192), 16. Retrieved October 1, 2006, from the Academic Search Premier database. Meilke, J. (2006). School exam cheats turn to technology. The Guardian Website. Retrieved October 1, 2006, from guardian. co. uk/uk_news/story/0,,1880089,00. tml Morton, A. , Tarica, E. (2006, September 30). Web offers cheats tailor-made assignments. The Age. Retrieved October 18, 2006, from theage. com. au/news/national/web-offers-cheats-tailormade-assignments/2006/09/29/1159337339350. html? page=fullpage#contentSwap1 Nelson, H. (2006). University of California Santa Barbara website. The Academic Dishonesty Question: A Guide to an Answer through Education, P revention, Adjudication, and Obligation. (2006). Retrieved September 27, 2006, from http://hep. ucsb. edu/people/hnn/conduct/disq. html Niell, B. , Lim, S. (2006, October). Manatee schools confront cheatings multimillion-dollar industry. Herald Today Website. Retrieved October 1, 2006, from bradenton. com/mld/bradenton/news/local/15651386. html Pereira, L. (2006, October). Conspiracy Theory: Who’s the thief? Anti-plagiarism Web service turns students into Tom Cruise. The Breeze: James Madison University Student Newspaper, Retrieved October 1, 2006, from thebreeze. org/2006/10-02/op2. html Plagairism. (2005). Plagairism_stats. Retreived October 19, 2006, from plagiarism. org/plagiarism_stats. html Read, B. (2004), Wired for

Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Essay Example

Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Essay Example Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Paper Effects of the Zoroastrianism Afterlife Scheme on their Ethical Teachings Paper For believers of Zoroastrianism, where a soul goes in the afterlife is determined by a balance between good and bad deeds.   The good deeds of a person have to outweigh his bad deeds for him/her to be able to enjoy ‘heaven’ in the afterlife.   For those whose deeds weight out equally, there is some kind of purgatory or mid-level where they are sent, considering that in Zoroastrianism, there are various levels in hell.   Bad deeds can be cleansed by way of confession or by the transfer of supererogatory merits; hence, leeway is left for human weakness. Based on this concept of the afterlife, it would be safe to say that Zoroastrianism teachings focus on people having to collect more good deeds than bad deeds while they are still alive.   As is with other religions, believers of Zoroastrianism, focus their energies on committing good deeds.   There is a catch to this, however, that may affect how believers live their life.   There is a very real possibility that believers would still commit bad deeds with the confidence that if they commit enough good deeds, their bad deeds would still be outweighed.   Their teachings of dualism, where there is a fight between good and evil, and where the triumph of good is always assured, adds to this concept of balancing between good and bad.   In other words, no matter how many bad deeds you commit, you can still enter heaven as long as you commit enough good deeds to gain entrance.   There is one thing of note in this particular concept though, who counts how many good or bad deeds o ne has committed?   Is there any way of knowing if your good deeds have already outweighed your bad deeds?   Despite the focus of Zoroastrianism teachings on the collection of good deeds, there is no disputing the possibility Effects of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3 that people will tend to manipulate and abuse this religion’s concept of the afterlife.   Zoroastrians focus on self-regulation in their teachings, and human as we are, there is always that possibility of going beyond these teachings or using these teachings as a scapegoat as most Christians do nowadays. Effects of the  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 References Zoroastrianism Religion Facts. 20 Feb. 2009 religionfacts.com/zoroastrianism/index.htm.

Government Reforms in Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government Reforms in Brazil - Essay Example Again Brazil is not alone in this condition. Most countries in Latin and South America that were once ran by the military have abandoned this system in favor of democracy, the same way countries in Eastern Europe that were once part of the Communist Bloc are now embracing the democratic way of life as the better path to progress and peace. For these countries, there is greater pressure to institute these democratic reforms. The reform agenda enunciated by the Da Silva government in 2002 sought to tinker with the Constitution by amending its provisions on public administration, taxation, social security and ownership of energy and communications facilities. Da Silva's predecessor pushed these very same reforms but succeeded only in introducing new procedures in public administration. These reforms were also implemented on an ad hoc basis unaccompanied by meaningful structural changes. (Bresser-Pereira, L., 2003) Civil service reforms were placed high on the list because Brazil is known for its inefficient bureaucracy. Even progressive countries like UK and those in the OECD bloc are streamlining their bureaucracy in the increasing realization that structural inefficiencies in public administration are one of the main causes of the fiscal crisis and the budget deficit. (MARE-Brazil) The bureaucratic reforms pursued in Brazil were thus patterned after the UK model that is also popular in other OECD countries. Its main features call for the decentralization of government functions and services, providing more autonomy, more public accountability and separating policy formulation from execution. Part of the reforms was getting government out of business. This is the same policy carried out in UK, which has already privatized most public utilities. Brazil also turned over to non-government organizations the ownership and management of social and scientific activities. For example, 12 previously state-run hospitals in Sao Paulo are now in the hands of NGOs. (Bresser-Pereira, L., 1999) Another phase of the bureaucratic reforms serves to democratize entry to government employment by eliminating the policy that sets a single labor standard for civil servants. The government also put a cap on the salaries of employees in the judicial and legislative branches and adopted the total quality management approach to managerial activities in government service. (CLAD, 1998) Business and Tax Reforms Tax reform is high on the political agenda as part of the effort to encourage the informal business sector to go formal to increase the government's tax collection. The informal economy in Brazil is so large it is not limited to small and medium scale enterprises but extends to large concerns in the retail and construction industries. In the process, the government misses out on taxes that could run into billions of reals. To encourage the informal business sector to formalize their operations, the government uses the carrot and stick approach to persuade the companies concerned to register their businesses. It is emphasized that going formal gives these companies access to financing and technology assistance. (OECD,

Contemporary Brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Contemporary Brand Management - Essay Example ..a set of mental associations, held by the consumers, which add to the perceived value of a product or service† (Kapferer, 2008, pp. 10). The alliance ought to be exceptional, well distinctive, effective and affirmative. Brands act as a key attribute to differentiate its products or services from that of its competitors. It constructs a separate individuality for the company in favour of it from others. Brand is considered as the asset for an organisation as it augments the value of the product with the assistance of its outstanding salient features. A brand is intangible in nature as it does not possess the characteristic of being figured. Thus, it is quite different from being just a product, or a service or a commodity. It enhances the image of the corporation. Therefore, it is also different from a company. It has been witnessed that consumers review a product or service on the basis of the brand name that is allied with it. Branding aids in developing an elongated, vigoro us and emotional affiliation between the brand and the company. It divulges about the company and other essential information with context to the company internationally. The brand name in itself influences the purchaser to purchase the product. Branding facilitates a corporation to provide a clear definition of any product, position the product and distribute it to the prospect customer (Kapferer, 2008). Background Information about Rolex Rolex, the exquisite brand coined by Hans Wilsdorf and produced by Swiss watch making company at Bennie, brought forward a wonderful range of watches. Since ages, Rolex prolongs to sustain efficiently and also persists to be a strong position in the copious watch market. Rolex is assisting its company with an enlarged market share and a significant competitive advantage to sustain in the fiercely competitive global industry. It enhances its market position which is a factor that makes the brand an asset for the enterprise which segregates it from merely being a product, service or commodity. Rolex focuses on brand purity, trend, business presentation and constancy. These are the most important reasons that have made Rolex an astounding brand (Liebeskind, 2004). It has been seen that customers always evaluate and scrutinises a particular product on the basis of brand name. Similarly, Rolex having a superior brand name stimulates customers to spend on its product, although it has encountered various competitors as a consequence of globalisation, still it stands to be an internationally exclusive brand. The main competitors of Rolex include Citizen and Omega. The watches endowed by Rolex primarily focus on the sports person as their potential target customers as it deals with giving immense importance to luxury and deluxe products. It has also developed its brand on classic, fashionable and water resistant watches. The international players dealing with the similar nature of products and similar market segment may be regarded a s their competitors. It follows the scheme of premium pricing to distinguish its product from its contenders

Royal Mail Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Royal Mail - Assignment Example Concept of Diversity Management 7 5.1. Royal Mail’s Action to Maintain gender Balance 8 6. Concept of a Competency Framework 8 6.1. Five Competencies of a successful Royal Mail Manager: 8 7. References 10 1. Introduction Global business management is a dynamic process at it always changing with the time. By virtue of global business management organizations across the world are now able to operate in more than one country and able to expand their product and service services to the people across the globe. The global business management process is enterprising as a business leader carries out new innovations for the benefit of the end users. With that they are able to exploit the market as well as able to bring down the production cost to ensure more operating profit for the organizations. According to Adekola & Sergi(2012), globalization was started more than 3000 years ago as the roots of it went back to the formation of state communities in the European countries way back i n the fourteenth century. The rapid expansion was started from the seventeenth century onwards. (Adekola & Sergi, 2012, p.1). In this discussion our main focus is on the management strategies taken by the Royal Mail Chief Executive in order to change to outlooks as well as functioning process of the organization when everyone was considering that Royal Mail might not be able to regain its market position. 2. Definition of Leadership Leadership characteristics of Royal Mail Chief Executive: 2.1. Leadership: Definition and characteristics: The success of any organization has been always dependent on how good the top management is on their decision making, strategy development, motivating people and overall management of the organization itself. According to Dubrin(2012), leadership can be defined as a the principal dynamic force which motivates and coordinates the people of any organization to achieve its objective. (Dubrin, 2012, p.4) According to Weth (2007), leaders have to tolerat e a certain amount of chaos in the organization and also have to effectively solve those. On the other hand, managers are there to ensure that there are stability and control in the organization or in different departments. (Weth, 2007, p.5). According to Gosling, Sutherland, Jones (2012); there are few important theories which are essential in order to understand the specific traits or characteristics that a leader should have. Some of the key theories are trait theories, behaviorist theories, Situational leadership, transformational and contingency theory. According to them, there are several leadership traits which are associated with particular skills. Adapting to the situation, Assertiveness, Decisive, cooperative, energetic, result orientation is few traits to name about (Gosling, Sutherland, Jones, 2012, pp.18-20). 2.2. Leadership characteristics of Royal Mail Chief Executive: Moya Greene was appointed as the CEO of Royal Mail in the year 2010. Before taking the charge of Roy al Mail she has been in charge at Canada Post since 2005. She was the first lady to get appointed in the top most position of Royal Mail. (BBC News, 2010). When she took charge of the organization, Britain’s centuries-old state-owned postal service was over-involved in trouble: it faced a rapid de-growth revenue from letters, a large deficit in pension ; opposition to government proposal for privatization from the staff union, and a most importantly unworkable regulatory framework that prevented the business

Series of Psychological Stories Essay Example for Free

Series of Psychological Stories Essay Case I. My Husband is a Mama’s Boy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Simon had been extremely dependent to his mother in everything that he does. He would always expect her mother to be the one who would remind him of his daily routine in the office. He would expect that his mother would prepare his briefs and socks. â€Å"Don’t be jealous to my mom Fe, its just that, I got used of having mom as the one preparing everything for me†, this is what he always reasoned to his wife. Simon, did not know how to budget his money, so instead of giving his salary to his wife, he prefer to give it to her mother because he was used to having his mother as his â€Å"money keeper†. Whenever problems between them arise, Simon prefers to ask the thoughts of his mother instead of resolving the conflict between them. This has getting on and on until their two years of marriage. At the moment, Fe has been planning to divorce with her husband for the reason that she seems to be the second wife and the mother the first wife. Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I could say that Simon had a dependent personality disorder. This unusual dependence of a married man like him, to the mother, can be traced to the way Simon was raised. For a number of persons that I had encountered with similar problems, most of them were raised in an environment with over protectiveness. In an overly protective environment, the person’s self-confidence is low and thus, (s)he is made to think that (s)he is weak, vulnerable and can’t live strongly without his/her support groups. The root of the problem is the support group of Simon-his mother. To overcome his over dependency to his mother, the latter should help Simon make decisions of his own and to teach him the right ways to deal with problems alone and even without the help of others. The mother should make the following changes to Simon slowly but persistently. Simon must realized how decisions are needed everyday and how important it is for him to decide on his own. Case 2. Marion with the big â€Å"I† Stories   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marion has been my friend in high school. She had been a bubbly person; always seem conversational at a first meet. However, I had observed that she’s not conversational at all. When she talks, all her stories pertain to her; that she looks good in her new dress (even though her baby fats were bulging), that many boys were having a crush on her, that her teachers were all praising her. When you talk, she seems to care less, she did not really want to converse with you, rather, she wants you to listen to all the stories about herself stuffed with the â€Å"I† (I am the best speaker in our class, I had been to that place also, I am pretty, I have new dress, jewelries, etc.). Marion even during inappropriate time (like you are talking with somebody else) would butt in just to ask â€Å"do you noticed something is different with me today?† I had also remembered her of having loud voice; always talking of the latest movies that she had watched, talking how they share intimate moments with her boyfriend, etc. Discussion/ Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Marion I have difficulty distinguishing what personality disorder she has. Finally, I am settled in saying that she has a narcissistic personality disorder due to the various symptoms that I had found in her. I had already mentioned above that she care less about what people say during their conversation, what matter to her is her stories to be heard. She had always overly emphasized her achievements, even the material things that she managed to acquire. Marion is very concern of grabbing one’s attention in school; it seems that when everybody hears her stories, everyone would admire her (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/personality-disorders/DS00562/DSECTION=2). The best approach for this type of person is to tell her frankly that she’s a boring listener, that a conversation needs exchange of ideas. It would also help if she would be given comments in a constructive manner. The way she manipulates people is not good, she should be informed with this and be given alternatives to deal with her behavior positively, Case 3. Solitude is my Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The daughter of my cousin is a very sensitive person. She was already fifteen and yet, she is very shy and detached to other girls of her age. When her mother’s voice rises a bit when irritated, she can’t help but cry and feel that it’s all her fault why her mother was angry. She did not want to go out with other children because she felt, she was ugly and she would only become a mocking subject. She did not want to go near other children of her age because she’s afraid of being bullied. In class, her teacher reported that she’s always crying whenever she fails to remember a term during recitation. Whenever we have a family gathering, she would refuse to join the crowd and reasoned that she wants to sleep early. She’s not snob at people, she’s just extremely shy. Discussion/Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The daughter of my cousin is experiencing an avoidant personality disorder based on my observation. There is no concrete cause for her behavior except that her parents failed to pay attention to her. She has always been alone in their house more often. She was also not brought to parties more often, because most of the social gatherings that her parents attended were formal and not suite for children of her age. Her self confidence is very low due to the lack of affirmation from her significant others. This leads her to be very sensitive to criticism, because she has always wanted to boost her moral through her achievements yet she felt like the world conspire against her even at the very simple and constructive criticism. To avoid this, she had voluntarily isolated herself away from others to avoid rejection. The best way to deal with this problem is for the parents to spend a significant quality time with their daughter for them to explain to her the things that are new to her. The parents should teach their daughter the realities of life and the ways to deal it constructively. Maybe, the child should be taught to make friends to the neighbor first, then followed by an affirmative attitude towards her performance in school, etc. References Mayo Clinic. (2006). Mental Health. Personality Disorders. Retrieved December 3, 2007, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/personality-disorders/DS00562/DSECTION=2

The impact of multinational corporations on an economy

The impact of multinational corporations on an economy Multinational Corporation also knows as Transnational Corporation or multinational enterprise. These three things have same definition and function. Multinational company is a company that have manage the business in one country or they called it headquarters and also have their branches of business in others country. Multinational company have brought the advantages and disadvantages in the host country. 2.0 FINDINGS 2.1 Definition of MNC According to the business dictionary MNC means the enterprise that operating in several countries but managed from one (home) country .While according to the International Economics books they divided it into three sections. First by the size, means MNC is the extent of internationalization need. Then by the structure the MNC include the number of countries in which the firm does business and the citizenship of corporate owners and the top managers. Lastly by the performance, depends on the characteristics as earnings, sales and assets. Others meaning of MNC is a network of capital, product, and knowledge flow between organisational units. 2.2 Characteristics of MNC The characteristics of MNC are a company must have and own or control value adding activities in more than one country. And they also have involving in strategic alliances with others company.MNC also bring the new technology with the new capital and access to the local market knowledge and distribution in the host country. Furthermore, the characteristic of MNC is to view the worldwide presence in one or more of businesses. 3.0 STATISTIC 3.1 Foreign Direct Investment Foreign direct investment means the other company from outside which is other country invest in one company of other country. Many of country include in foreign direct investment. Malaysia also takes a part in this business because many advantages Malaysia can get from foreign direct investment from other countries. Malaysia can get many profits and develop the country from it. Malaysia ranks among the world is a top 20th attractive country to foreign direct investment (FDI) according to the World Investment Prospects Survey 2007-2009 FDI  by the  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Malaysia have a good strategy in map which means that the location of Malaysia in the heart of Southeast Asia and offer a cost competitive position for whom thats want invest in that country especially in manufacturing of technology product for regional place and global markets. The factors that Malaysia become a top 20th choice of foreign direct investment is firstly is a hum an resources that Malaysia have is from a younger categorize that is strong and intelligent enough. Malaysia also try to develop the country to become modern and technology so its need the foreign direct investment come invest to Malaysia .When this happen its will be the exchange of technology and increase the knowledge of Malaysia about the technology. Government also provide the good services and tax for foreign invest in Malaysia. This is to make sure the continuous supply of manpower to meet the needs of the growing manufacturing and technology sector of Malaysia. 3.2 The Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product (GDP) is a basic measure of a country economics performance.GDP is a purchases prices that sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. The most common approach to measuring and quantifying GDP is the expenditure method. The figure above shown the graph of Gross Domestic Product from 2005 to 2009 Figure 1.1 Bar chart of Gross Domestic Product (in 2000 constant prices) Ringgit Malaysia in Million 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Gross Domestic Product  Ã‚   (in 2000 constant prices) Ringgit Malaysia in Million  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   449,250 475,192 505,353  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   528,804  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   528,860 The bar chart above shows that the Gross Domestic Product from 2005 to 2009 in increase. Start from 2005 the Gross Domestic Product in Ringgit Malaysia shows the total is 449,250 million. Then follow by year 2006 the total amount is 475,192 million ,it have an increasing in number. While on 2007 the amount is 505,353 million. For 2008 and 2009 is 528,804 million and 528,860 million. This shows that the effect of MNC that invest in Malaysia have been increase the Gross Domestic Product in every year. The figure above show the pie chart of sector of MNC in Malaysia. Figure 1.2 A pie chart of sector of MNC in Malaysia 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, forestry fishing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   35,835  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   37,769  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   38,593  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   40,073  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   39,260 Mining 42,472  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   41,315  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,663  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,337  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,176 Manufacturing 137,940  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   147,672  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   152,262  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   154,195  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   141,934 Construction 14,685  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   14,604  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15,279  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15,604  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   16,071 Services 230,043  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   246,895  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   270,762  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   290,588  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   303,695 Many of MNC from other country invest in Malaysia. There have a specific into a few sector of MNC. There are agriculture, forestry fishing sector, the mining sector, manufacturing sector, construction sector and the lastly is services sector. The pie chart shows the total amount of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in each sector start from 2005 to 2009.All the sector have the incensement in the GDP according the increasing of the year. Start from agriculture, forestry fishing sector the total of GDP is 39,260 million for 5 years. While in mining sector and manufacturing sector the amount is 42,176 million and 141,934 million. The construction sectors have 16,071 million in the GDP.The largest amount sector that influence the GDP of MNC is a services sector. This can be prove by the total amount is 303,695 million. For the smallest amount is in agriculture, foresting fishing sector. The reason why the agriculture, foresting and fishing is the smallest influence is because Malaysia has their own product that can be produce by the country itself. Its not too necessary to receive the FDI from outside. Furthermore Malaysia has a larger area of forest and sea. Diverse from agriculture sector, is services sector that give a large amount in GDP. Malaysia is a one country that in progress to develop, so its need many of technology to be use especially on a services sector. Example the public transportation service, they need to be improve on the speed and safety for the passangers.Nowdays many of public transportation have been improve such as LRT and KOMUTER.This transportation have a high speed and big space to take a many passengers and they can arrive the destination at the short time. 4.0 EVALUATION 4.1 The contribution of MNC in Malaysia Malaysia is one of the most talented manufacturing and exports that base in the area. Malaysia ranks as among the worlds top 20 attractive countries foreign direct investment (FDI), according to the World Investment Prospect Survey 2007-2009 FDI by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (www.tradechakra.com). There are more than 60 countries have invested in over 3000 companies in Malaysias manufacturing segment. The countries that have invested in Malaysia is Japan, Singapore, Thailand, United State and more else. Furthermore, Toyota, Hitachi, Ford and IBM are the examples of Multinational companies that contributed in Malaysia country. The main factor that are attracted foreign company to open up their business in Malaysia is the assurance of governments that retain the trade environment that are provides the foreign investors with the profits and opportunity for development. In general, foreign company in Malaysias manufacturing sector can hold 100% equit y in project which export 80% of their production and attractive tax rate incentives in 2008 is 26% and it will cut to 25% appropriate to mutually no-resident and resident companies. Malaysia proposes a broad range of tax encouragement for manufacturing scheme under the Income Tax Act 1967 and Promotion of Investment Act 1986. There are many types or sector of multinational company in Malaysia. The sectors are including the manufacturing, agricultural, mining, construction, forestry and services. For examples, the foreign country that contributes to manufacturing sector likes Japan automotive industry. Nowadays, Japan have contributes their automotive industry like Honda, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu and Toyota in Malaysia economies. 4.2 The advantages of MNC in Malaysia The advantages of multinational company in Malaysia are it will increase the economic resources. This is happen when other multinational companies from outside open their business in Malaysia and the foreign currency exchange rate in Malaysia will be increase the economies indirectly. When transnational company opens their industries in Malaysia, they need to hired people to work with them and it will provide job opportunities for unemployed graduates in Malaysia. Moreover, it will also transfer the management skills and technology to Malaysia. So, they can learn and used the technology for the development of the country. Other than that, Malaysia has its own natural resources like petroleum, oil, gas and others. It attracts the foreign country to open up their business in Malaysia. Moreover, it also will increase the development rate of host nation by introducing new investment, management skills and new technology. For example Perodua Myvi the 6th model of Perodua Malaysia is based on Daihatsu Boon and Toyota Passo from Japan automotive industry. Malaysia automotive and Japan automotive industry are joint venture to produce the new product and new technology. Furthermore, services transfer is also one of the positive impacts of multinational company in Malaysia. It means that, government will transfer the local workers to the foreign country to learn about their management and technology skills. So, they do not need to hired foreign employee to works in Malaysia 4.3 The disadvantages of MNC in Malaysia The negative impact of multinational companies that affected Malaysia is it will change the culture. Malaysia is based on different race and religion and they focuses about their culture and religion. The present of multinational companies from other country especially from West Country indirectly change and spoiling the local culture in the mentality, philosophy and more else. Other than that, they may not promote any development for the nations economic activities by basically source their components from out of the country. Its means, they will make local producers out of business. Multinational companies could take pleasure in high competitive advantages over local firms that can damaged local competition rather than promote it. Other than that too dependence of the foreign technology will make them take the advantages of Malaysias weakness and they will dominance the local industries. In addition, foreign country will interrupt of Malaysias economic plans and they will become ri cher better than local country. This is because they can get worker with low labour cost in Malaysia and cheap of raw materials. Other than that, the tax of Malaysia is low then their country so it makes them attract to open up their business in Malaysia. 5.0 CONCLUSION Multinational Company (MNC) gives a big impact in a country. It has the advantages and disadvantages impact. According to the Foreign Direct Investment the number of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increasing follow by the years. Start from the early 1960s century the enter of MNC in Malaysia give a big impact, mainly in economy and social development of the country .There also have an transfer of technology in the country. Many of the things now is based on the technology. This is the advantages for the country to attract the foreign to invest in Malaysia because Malaysia is the one of the country that in process to develop the country into the developed country. Furthermore many of knowledgement can get from them to produce the intelligent and educated people in the country. The MNC also give the big profit to Malaysia . Although they give many impacts on the advantages in the country, they also give the disadvantages one. When the transfer of social is occurred, they give a some of t he bad social impact for the country. For example, when they have too many MNC from outside invest in Malaysia automatically they dominant the industry and this give the small chance for the local to invest in their own country industry. Other than that the technology of the country just depend on the foreign country. It just gives the foreign company to take advantages toward the host country to produce their technology. 6.0 REFFERENCE Economy Watch, Malaysia Industry Sector [online] Available at: [Accessed on 18 November 2010] Natarajan M. Tan J.M, 1992, The Impact of MNC in Malaysia, Singapore Thailand [ e-book], Institute of southeast Asian ,Available at: [ Accessed on 21 November 2010] Trade Chakra, 2008. Foreign Investment in Malaysia [online] (Updated 7 Dec 2009) Available at: [Accessed on 19 November 2010]